liulian 发表于 4 天前

CAAC四类多旋翼教员口试题库(精华版)第一篇

<h1 style="margin-top:33px;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;font-size: 29px">机体结构系统</span></strong></h1><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:仿宋;font-size:14px">功能:承载所有设备,提供气动外形</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:仿宋;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:仿宋">组件:机架</span><span style="font-family:仿宋">/机翼、起落架、减震结构</span></span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:仿宋;font-size:14px">关键设计:轻量化(碳纤维)、气动效率(翼型设计)</span></p><h2 style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 黑体;font-size: 21px">(一)</span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;font-size: 21px">概述</span></strong></h2><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">1.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">UAV)的系统组成?</span></span></strong></h3><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">答:</span></p><p></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">组装一台多旋翼训练机,画出零配件的连接图。</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">注:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">电调(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">ESC</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">上</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">最粗两根线</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">连接</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">电源</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">中等粗细三根线</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">连接</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">电机</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">最细的二</span><span style="font-family:宋体">/三根线</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">(</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">杜邦线</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">)</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">连接</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">飞</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">控</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">3.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">电机、电调、电池、飞控、数传、接收机</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">这几个部件如何连接?(同理动力系统连接)</span></span></strong></h3><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">答:</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline"></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">4.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">多旋翼无人机由哪几部分组成?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">机架、动力系统、供电系统、飞控系统</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">或:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">机架、电机、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">桨叶、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">电调、电池、飞控</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">)</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">5.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">多轴飞行器飞行平台由哪些设备组成,描述出其连接方式?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(1)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">遥控接收机</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">→</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">飞控</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">→</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">电调</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">→</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">电机。</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(2)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">动力电池</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">→</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">电调</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">→</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">电机。</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(3)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">数传电源</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">→</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">数传模块</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">→</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">飞控。</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(4)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">摄像头</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">→</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">图传</span><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">→</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">图传电源。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">6.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">多旋翼和直升机的区别?</span></strong></h3><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">答:</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(1)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">改变</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">升力的方式</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">不</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">同:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">多旋翼</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">通过控制不同电机的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">转速</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">直升机</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">是通过</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">变距</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">相对于直升机来说多旋翼飞行更稳定,直升机飞行更灵活。</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)">(2)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">旋翼数量</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">不同:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">多旋翼</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">螺旋桨是三</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">个及三个以上</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">直升机</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">普遍为</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">单旋翼</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">和</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">共轴双旋翼</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(3)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">组装</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">维护方式</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">不同:多旋翼结构简单,组装维护方便;直升机结构相对复杂,组装维护较为复杂。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">7.</span><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">无人机有几个轴,几个自由度,分别是什么?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">三个轴</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">俯仰</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">横轴</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">)</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">,横滚</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">纵轴</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">)</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">,偏航</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">立轴</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">)。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">六个自由度:</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(1)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">绕横轴俯仰</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">运动</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,沿横轴左右移动;</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(2)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">绕纵轴横滚</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">运动</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,沿纵轴前后移动;</span></p><p style="margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(3)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">绕立轴偏航</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">运动</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,沿立轴上下移动。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">8.</span><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">操作无人机升降(俯仰),飞机沿什么轴运动?绕什么轴运动?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:飞机沿纵轴前后运动,绕横轴俯仰运动。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">9.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">多旋翼有几个自由度?要在这几个自由度上改变旋翼怎么变化?</span> </span></strong></h3><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">答:</span><span style="font-family:宋体">6个自由度。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">上下移动:旋翼都加速实现向上,减速向下。</span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">左右、横滚:多旋翼左侧加速,右侧减速实现向右移动</span><span style="font-family:宋体">/横滚,反之,右侧加速,左侧减速,实现向左移动/横滚。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">前后、俯仰:多旋翼后面加速,前面减速,实现向前移动</span><span style="font-family:宋体">/俯,反之,前面加速,后面减速,实现向后移动/仰。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">航向:多旋翼向左(俯视多旋翼,顺时针旋转,旋翼加速,逆时针方向旋翼减速),向右转向,则反之。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">10.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">飞机的稳定性指什么?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">飞机的稳定性(也叫</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">飞机的安定性</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">)指的是飞机在飞行过程中,受到一个</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">小的、瞬时的扰动</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,当这个</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">扰动消失之后</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,不用操纵飞机,飞机能够</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">自动恢复到原来飞行状态的特性</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">飞机的稳定性包括飞机的</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">俯仰稳定性</span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、飞机的</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">方向稳定性</span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">和飞机的</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">横向稳定性</span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">11.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">多旋翼无人机的地面效应是什么?主要出现在什么时候?影响因素?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:多旋翼无人机的地面效应是指飞行器在接近地面飞行时,旋翼向下流动的气流被地面阻挡,无法自由扩散,其升力系统的气动效率会显著升高,导致</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">诱导阻力减小</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">升阻比增大</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">的效应。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">主要出现在飞行器距离地面高度小于旋翼直径一半时。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">影响地面效应的因素有</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">高度</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、飞</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">行速度</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">和</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">风向</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">地表环境</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">等</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">地面效应是一种使</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">诱导阻力减小</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">升阻比增大</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">的一种效应</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">),</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">地面效应的作用范围(垂直高度)等同于飞机的翼展长度:通常飞行器距地面高度小于</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">1 个翼展时,地面效应才起作用。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">12.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">多旋翼通过什么来改变转速的?</span></strong></h3><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:通过</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">改变</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">每个旋翼(螺旋桨)上</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">电机的转速</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">来实现飞行控制。具体来说,电子调速器是执行这一转速变化的关键设备</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">13.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">悬停和前进哪个更加耗电?</span></strong></h3><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">悬停</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。因为悬停的时候,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">诱导阻力较大</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,飞机需要提供更多的升力来平衡,而前飞由于惯性作用节省了一部分功率。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">14.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">起飞前的装备工作?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:飞机</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">通电前</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">机架螺丝是否有松动迹象,桨叶顺逆是否安装正确,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GPS是否安装稳固,航向锁定是否在关闭状态,遥控器数据是否正常,模型和机型是否与飞机相对应,微调是否为零,电量是否充足,GPS切换档是否正常。</span></span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">飞机</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">通电后</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">:桨叶转的方向是否正确,无人机电池是否满电,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">LED灯闪烁是否正常及对应遥控器模式,待飞机收到7颗卫星或以上方可安全起飞,安全起飞距离为5米以上。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">15.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">无人机操控过于灵敏,如何进行调整?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:调整飞控感度参数,遥控器上设置相应通道的曲线、大小舵量。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">16.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">飞机的姿态感度和基本感度的区别?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">答:姿态感度:</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“飞机自己怎么保持稳定”,是</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">飞机的稳舵能力</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">基本感度:</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“人怎么操作飞机动”,是</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">操作指令的灵敏开关</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">17.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">无人机在自动驾驶过程中,都有哪些传感器在工作,作用都是什么?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">答:角速度传感器,加速度传感器,气压计,磁罗盘,温度传感器,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GPS,LED指示灯。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">18.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">室内飞行器使用了什么传感器,至少写</span><span style="font-family:宋体">2种和其作用?</span></span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">超声波测距</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">传感器(用于检测附近地面高度及探测障碍物距离</span><span style="font-family:宋体">),</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">视觉定位</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">传感器(通过摄像头探测附近三维空间障碍物的距离)。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">19.</span><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">多旋翼无人机测量高度的传感器都有哪些?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">气压计</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">姿态模式下,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">气压</span><span style="font-family:宋体">/相对高度),</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">超声波传感器</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">真实高度</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">定高的范围有限</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">),</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">GPS</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">GPS 模式下,气压计辅助,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">海拔高度),</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">激光测距雷达</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(点云反馈),</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">视觉传感器</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(视觉算法反馈),</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">RTK</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:14px">实时差分</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">相对高度),</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">PPK</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,0,255);font-size:14px">后差分</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">相对高度),</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">光流传感器(一般室内)</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">20.</span><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">测量真实高度的传感器有哪些?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">①</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">超声波</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">传感器</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">②</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">红外测距</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">传感器</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">③</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">激光</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(测距)</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">雷达,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">④</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">毫米波</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">雷达,</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">⑤</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">视觉</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">传</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">感器(双目视觉)。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">21.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">气压计和</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GPS分别测量什么高度?各有什么不同?</span></span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:气压计,测量</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">相对高度</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">根据海拔不同而气压不同的原理,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">通过</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">大气压强</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">换算高度,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">精度较高</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,但易受天气影响,在气象条件复杂区域</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">误差</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">可能</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">显著增大</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">GPS,测量</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">海拔高度</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,受电离层、大气折射层、卫星信号遮挡影响误差较大,极端情况下可能因信号丢失导致定位失效。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">多旋翼无人机通常</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">以大气压计为主</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">测量高度,结合</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">GPS数据进行校准</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,提升飞行稳定性。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">22.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">LED的作用?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:指示灯用于飞行过程中指示飞控系统的状态(如:控制模式)。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">23.</span><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">多旋翼无人机常用的传感器,请写出至少五种和其作用?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">①</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">磁罗盘</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(测量航向角、感知飞机方向),</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">②</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">姿态传感器</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(感知飞机倾斜程度),</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">③</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">角速度计</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(测量飞机角速度),</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">④</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">加速度计</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(测量飞机加速度),</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">⑤</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">气压传感器</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(测量飞机</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">相对高度</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">),</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">⑥</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">GPS</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(定位飞机位置,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">海拔高度</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,速度),</span><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14px">⑦</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">超声波传感器</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(真实高度),</span><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14px">⑧</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">光流传感器</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:14px">⑨</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">温度传感器</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(感知飞控温度)。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">24.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">感知飞机方向的是什么传感器</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">答:磁罗盘</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">25.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">PPM,PCM 的区别?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">答:</span><span style="font-family:宋体">PPM 属于模拟信号,PCM 属于数字信号。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">26.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">哪些情况需要校准无人机传感器</span><span style="font-family:宋体">(不少于三种)</span></span></strong></h3><p style="margin-left:1px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">答:</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">①</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">重新组装</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">新机首次飞行使用前</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">②</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">远距离运输</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">飞行环境变化较大(如跨越不同地理区城,磁场干扰严重地区)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">③</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">无人机</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">长时间没有使用</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">④</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">受到过电磁干扰</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">传感器数据异常</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">⑤</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">受到过较大冲击</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">无人机剧烈碰撞或震动后</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">。</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">⑥</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">无人机</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">固件升级后</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">(部分飞控要求重新校准传感器)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px">。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">27.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">定点转弯,协调转弯,自适应协调转弯,都有什么区别?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">定点</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">转弯:旋翼在悬停状态下转弯,会</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">精确通过</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">每个</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GPS位置点,在每个位置点会</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">减速、悬停,停留</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,停留的时间可以设置。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">协调</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">转弯:飞行速度、油门基本</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">保持</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">不变,旋翼会</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">偏离</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GPS位置点</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,可能会在航线拐弯的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">外侧</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">自适应协调</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">转弯:飞行速度、油门会</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">随航线转弯而减速</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,旋翼会</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">偏离</span><span style="font-family:宋体">GPS位置点</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,但不会出现在航线拐弯的外侧。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">固定翼只使用协调转弯。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">28.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">什么是模拟控制量、开关控制量,一般用来干什么?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">杆、钮</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">等连续的是</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">模拟量</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">拨动的</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">杆</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">是</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">开关控制量</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">模拟</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">控制量</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">用来操作</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">姿态、舵面或设备连续动作</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">开关</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">控制量</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">用来控制</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:14px">模式切换、开伞、一键返航</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">等。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">29.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px">无人机控制站(地面站)的功能有哪些?</span></strong></h3><p style=";text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">答:指挥调度、任务规划、操纵控制、显示记录。</span></p><h2 style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 黑体;font-size: 21px">(二)</span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;font-size: 21px">无人机的分类</span></strong></h2><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">1.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">关于</span><span style="font-family:宋体">2025年最新《无人驾驶航空器飞行管理暂行条例》的知识</span></span></strong></h3><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《无人驾驶航空器飞行管理暂行条例》第</span><span style="font-family:宋体">47条规定:违反本条例规定,民用无人驾驶航空器未经实名登记实施飞行活动的,由公安机关责令改正,可以处200元以下的罚款;情节严重的,处2000元以上2万元以下的罚款。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 0;vertical-align: baseline;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px">一、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">无人机的定义</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">民用无人驾驶航空器:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">是指从事除用于执行军事、警察和海关飞行任务外的无人驾驶航空器。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">无人驾驶航空器:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">是指机上没有机载驾驶员,自备动力系统的航空器,分为微型、轻型、小型、中型和大型。(简称无人机、</span><span style="font-family:宋体">UAV)</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 0;vertical-align: baseline;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px">二、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">无人机分类</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">按用途划分:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">大致分为</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">军用</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">和</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">民用</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">两类。军用无人机又可以进一步分为侦察型、通信中继型、电子干扰型等单一用途无人机,以及察打一体型多用途无人机。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">民用无人机</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">可细分为</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">农业</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">气象</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">勘探</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">摄影</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">和</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">测绘</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">等类型。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">按技术构型划分:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">无人机主要分为</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">固定翼</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">直升机</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(共轴双桨、纵列式、传统构型)、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">多旋翼</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">复合翼</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">倾转旋翼</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">等五种类型。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">按动力型式划分</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">:无人机分为</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">油动</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">型、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">电动</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">型和</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">油电混合型</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">等三种类型。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">按空机重量和起飞重量划分:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2023年5月31日,国务院、中央军委公布了《</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">无人驾驶航空器飞行管理暂行条例</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">》,该条例综合考虑无人机的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">空机重量</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">飞行高度</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">和</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">最大起飞重量</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">,将无人机划分为五个等级:</span><span style="font-family:宋体">①</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">微型</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机,空机重量小于</span><span style="font-family:宋体">0.25千克,飞行真高不超过50米;②</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">轻型</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机,空机重量不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">4千克,最大起飞重量不超过7千克;③</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">小型</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机,空机重量不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">15千克,最大起飞重量不超过25千克;④</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">中型</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机,最大起飞重量不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">150千克;⑤</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">大型</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机,最大起飞重量超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">150千克。</span></span></p><table class="wcn_c_table" cellspacing="0" width="564"><tbody><tr style="height:38px" class="firstRow"><td width="44" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">类别</span></strong></p></td><td width="113" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">空机重量</span></strong></p></td><td width="78" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">最大</span></strong></p><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">起飞重量</span></strong></p></td><td width="117" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">飞行高度</span></strong></p></td><td width="91" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">最大</span></strong></p><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">平飞速度</span></strong></p></td><td width="120" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">备注</span></strong></p></td></tr><tr style="height:24px"><td width="44" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">微</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="113" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体"><</span><span style="font-family:宋体">0.25Kg</span></span></p></td><td width="78" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">-</span></p></td><td width="117" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">飞行真高</span><span style="font-family:宋体">≤50米</span></span></p></td><td width="91" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">≤40</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">km</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">/h</span></p></td><td width="120" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td></tr><tr style="height:27px"><td width="44" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">轻</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="113" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">0.25Kg<W≤4Kg</span></p></td><td width="78" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">≤7Kg</span></p></td><td width="117" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td><td width="91" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">≤100</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">km</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">/h</span></p></td><td width="120" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td></tr><tr style="height:24px"><td width="44" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">小</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="113" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">4Kg<W≤15Kg</span></p></td><td width="78" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">≤25Kg</span></p></td><td width="117" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td><td width="91" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td><td width="120" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不包含</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">微</span><span style="font-family:宋体">/轻</span></span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:24px"><td width="44" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">中</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="113" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">-</span></p></td><td width="78" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">≤150Kg</span></p></td><td width="117" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td><td width="91" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td><td width="120" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不包含</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">微</span><span style="font-family:宋体">/轻/小</span></span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:25px"><td width="44" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">大</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="113" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">-</span></p></td><td width="78" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">></span><span style="font-family:宋体">150Kg</span></span></p></td><td width="117" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td><td width="91" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td><td width="120" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><br/></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">按飞行距离划分:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机分为短程、近程、中程和远程四类。</span><span style="font-family:宋体">①</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">短程</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机,飞行距离</span><span style="font-family:宋体">10千米以内,飞行时间10-15分钟;②</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">近程</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机,飞行距离</span><span style="font-family:宋体">10-100千米;③</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">中程</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机,飞行距离</span><span style="font-family:宋体">100-1000千米之间,续航时间10小时以上;④</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">远程</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机,飞行距离大于</span><span style="font-family:宋体">1000千米,续航时间15小时以上。</span></span></p><table class="wcn_c_table" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr style="height:19px" class="firstRow"><td width="119" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">短</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">程</span></p></td><td width="440" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right: 17px;vertical-align: baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">10</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">km</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">以内,飞行时间</span><span style="font-family:宋体">10-15分钟</span></span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:19px"><td width="119" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">近程</span></p></td><td width="440" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right: 17px;vertical-align: baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">10</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">km~</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">100</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">km</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:19px"><td width="119" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">中程</span></p></td><td width="440" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right: 17px;vertical-align: baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">100</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">km~</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">1000</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">km</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">,续航时间</span><span style="font-family:宋体">10小时以上</span></span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:22px"><td width="119" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">远程</span></p></td><td width="440" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right: 17px;vertical-align: baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">></span><span style="font-family:宋体">1000</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">km</span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">,续航时间</span><span style="font-family:宋体">15小时以上</span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 0;vertical-align: baseline;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px">三、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">实名登记及责任险</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">《条例》规定民用无人驾驶航空器所有者</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">都需进行实名登记,不分类型</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">。所有的机型均需要实名登记。</span></p><table class="wcn_c_table" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr style="height:23px" class="firstRow"><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">类别</span></strong></p></td><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">实名登记</span></strong></p></td><td width="209" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">驾驶执照</span></strong></p></td><td width="142" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">责任险</span></strong></p></td></tr><tr style="height:23px"><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">微</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td><td width="209" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">不需要</span></p></td><td width="142" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">非经营不需要</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:41px"><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">轻</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td><td width="209" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">不需要</span></p><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">适飞空域外需要理论培训合格证</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">)</span></p></td><td width="142" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">非经营不需要</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:23px"><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">小</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td><td width="209" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td><td width="142" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:23px"><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">中</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td><td width="209" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td><td width="142" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:26px"><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">大</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="108" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td><td width="209" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td><td width="142" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">需要</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">如果使用微轻型无人机从事非经营性飞行活动,可不用投保责任险,从事小型、中型、大型无人机飞行活动和利用微型、轻型无人机从事商业活动的单位或个人,应当依法投保责任险。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">目前条例还没有投保责任险的细则,如法规需要投保其他责任保险,需要按照有关规定依法投保。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 0;vertical-align: baseline;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px">四、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">飞行申请</span></strong></p><p style="line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">真高</span><span style="font-family:宋体">120米以下的适飞空域可以自由飞行,无需提交飞行活动申请</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。目前像深圳和海南这种新规试点城市,适飞空域分别占总空域的</span><span style="font-family:宋体">70%和90%。在管制空域内飞行需要申请。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">申请单位或个人应在拟</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">飞行前一日</span><span style="font-family:宋体">12时前</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">,向</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">空中交通管理机构</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">提出飞行活动</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">申请</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">。空中交通管理机构应当在</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">飞行前一日</span><span style="font-family:宋体">21时前</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">作出</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">批准或者不予批准</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">的决定。</span></p><table class="wcn_c_table" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr style="height:22px;page-break-inside:avoid" class="firstRow"><td width="23" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">类别</span></strong></p></td><td width="69" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">试飞空域</span></strong></p></td><td width="50" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">管制空域</span></strong></p></td></tr><tr style="height:22px;page-break-inside:avoid"><td width="17" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext; word-break: break-all;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">微</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="63" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">无需申请</span></p></td><td width="50" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">申请</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:22px;page-break-inside:avoid"><td width="23" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">轻</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="69" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">无需申请</span></p></td><td width="50" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">申请</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:22px;page-break-inside:avoid"><td width="23" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">小</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="69" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">无需申请</span></p></td><td width="50" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">申请</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:22px;page-break-inside:avoid"><td width="23" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">中</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="69" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">不适用</span></p></td><td width="50" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext; word-break: break-all;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">申请</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:26px;page-break-inside:avoid"><td width="23" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">大</span><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">型</span></p></td><td width="69" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">不适用</span></p></td><td width="44" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">申请</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">通常情况下,无人机应与有人机隔离开飞行。如果无人机一定要和有人机共同运行,以下几种情况下,可申请与有人机一起融合飞行。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(一)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">根据任务或者飞行课目需要,警察、海关、应急管理部门辖有的无人驾驶航空器与本部门、本单位使用的有人驾驶航空器在同一空域或者同一机场区域的飞行。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(二)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">取得适航许可的大型无人驾驶航空器的飞行。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(三)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">取得适航许可的中型无人驾驶航空器不超过真高</span><span style="font-family:宋体">300米的飞行。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(四)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">小型无人驾驶航空器不超过真高</span><span style="font-family:宋体">300米的飞行。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(五)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">轻型无人驾驶航空器在适飞空域上方不超过真高</span><span style="font-family:宋体">300米的飞行。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">属于下列情形之一的,进行融合飞行无需经空中交通管理机构批准:</span></strong></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(一)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">微型、轻型无人驾驶航空器在适飞空域内的飞行。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(二)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">常规农用无人驾驶航空器作业飞行活动。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">注意:禁止外国无人驾驶航空器或者由外国人员操控的无人驾驶航空器在我国境内实施测绘、电波参数测试等飞行活动。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 0;vertical-align: baseline;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px">五、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">无人机驾驶执照</span></strong></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">必须考证的对象:操控小型、中型、大型民用无人机的人员,需要申请取得相应操控员执照。通过操控员资质考试,可获得</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">民航局颁发</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">的《</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">民用无人驾驶航空器操控员执照</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">》。</span></p><p style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">注意,各协会颁发的合格证均不是执照</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">。执照主要关注安全操作,如需从事无人机行业、学习多旋翼、垂直起降固定翼、航拍等技能。</span></p><table class="wcn_c_table" cellspacing="0" width="569"><tbody><tr style="height:39px" class="firstRow"><td width="76" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">类型</span></strong></p></td><td width="493" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext; background: rgb(215, 215, 215);"><p style=";text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">描述</span></strong></p></td></tr><tr style="height:57px"><td width="76" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">微型</span></p></td><td width="493" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">空机重量</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">小于</span><span style="font-family:宋体">0.25千克,最大飞行</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">真高不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">50米</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">最大平飞速度不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">40千米/小时</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">,无线电发射设备符合微功率短距离技术要求,全程可以随时人工介入操控的无人驾驶航空器。</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:71px"><td width="76" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">轻型</span></p></td><td width="493" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">空机重量</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">4千克且</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">最大起飞重量</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">7千克</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">最大平飞速度不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">100千米/小时</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">,具备符合空域管理要求的空域保持能力和可靠被监视能力,全程可以随时人工介入操控的无人驾驶航空器,但不包括微型无人驾驶航空器。</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:71px"><td width="76" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">小型</span></p></td><td width="493" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">空机重量</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">15千克且</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">最大起飞重量</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">25千克</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">,具备符合空域管理要求的空域保持能力和可靠被监视能力,全程可以随时人工介入操控的无人驾驶航空器,但</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px">不包括微型、轻型</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">无人驾驶航空器。</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:39px"><td width="76" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">中型</span></p></td><td width="493" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">最大起飞重量</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">150千克</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">的无人驾驶航空器,但</span><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px">不包括微型、轻型、小型</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">无人驾驶航空器。</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:42px"><td width="76" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">大型</span></p></td><td width="493" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style=";text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:宋体;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-size:12px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">最大起飞重量</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">150干克的无人驾驶航空器。</span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不需要考证的对象:仅供个人娱乐用途的微型</span><span style="font-family:宋体">/轻型无人机,只是在适飞空域内飞行时,不需要考取无人机飞手证。但应当熟练掌握有关机型操作方法,了解风险警示信息和有关管理制度。</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">从事常规农用无人机作业飞行活动的人员无需取得操控员执照,但应当由农用无人机系统生产者按照国务院民用航空、农业农村主管部门规定的内容进行培训和考核,合格后取得操作证书。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 0;vertical-align: baseline;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px">六、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">运营合格证</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">使用</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">除微型以外的民用无人机,从事飞行活动的单位,申请运营合格证需满足以下条件</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">:</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(一)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">有实施安全运营所需的管理机构、管理人员和符合本条例规定的操控人员;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(二)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">有符合安全运营要求的无人驾驶航空器及有关设施、设备;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(三)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">有实施安全运营所需的管理制度和操作规程,保证持续具备按照制度和规程实施安全运营的能力;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(四)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">从事经营性活动的单位,还应当为营利法人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">如果</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">你是个人飞手或使用最大起飞重量不超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">150千克的农业无人机,在适飞空域内进行农业活动,无需运营合格证</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">不过,目前关于运营合格证还没有详细的规定,等有细化的条例后,可以按照规定流程申请。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 0;vertical-align: baseline;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px">七、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">禁止行为</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">禁止利用无人驾驶航空器实施下列行为:</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">1、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">违法拍摄军事设施、军工设施或者其他涉密场所</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">扰乱机关、团体、企业、事业单位工作秩序或者公共场所秩序</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">3、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">妨碍国家机关工作人员依法执行职务</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">4、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">投放含有违反法律法规规定内容的宣传品或者其他物品</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">5、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">危及公共设施、单位或者个人财产安全</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">6、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">危及他人生命健康,非法采集信息,或者侵犯他人其他人身权益</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">7、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">非法获取、泄露国家秘密,或者违法向境外提供数据信息</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">8、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">法律法规禁止的其他行为</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">对空中不明情况和无人驾驶航空器违规飞行,公安机关在条件有利时可以对低空目标实施先期处置,并负责违规飞行无人驾驶航空器落地后的现场处置</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">。有关军事机关、公安机关、国家安全机关等单位按职责分工组织查证处置,民用航空管理等其他有关部门应当予以配合。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">无人驾驶航空器违反飞行管理规定、扰乱公共秩序或者危及公共安全的,空中交通管理机构、民用航空管理部门和公安机关可以依法采取必要技术防控、扣押有关物品、责令停止飞行、查封违法活动场所等紧急处置措施</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">军队、警察以及按照国家反恐怖主义工作领导机构有关规定由公安机关授权的高风险反恐怖重点目标管理单位,可以依法配备无人驾驶航空器反制设备,在公安机关或者有关军事机关的指导监督下从严控制设置和使用。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">无人驾驶航空器反制设备配备、设置、使用以及授权管理办法,由国务院工业和信息化、公安、国家安全、市场监督管理部门会同国务院有关部门、有关军事机关制定。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">任何单位或者个人不得非法拥有、使用无人驾驶航空器反制设备</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 0;vertical-align: baseline;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px">八、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">“管制”“适飞”空域&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">管制空域</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">主要包括空中禁区、空中危险区、机场、国境线、边境线、军事禁区、军事管理区、射电天文台、易燃易爆危险品的企业和仓库等需要重点保护的核心、敏感区域。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">除管制空域以外的真高</span><span style="font-family:宋体">120米以下空域划为“</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size: 14px">适飞空域</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">”,开放给运行安全风险相对较小的微、轻、小型、农业无人机用户使用,降低合法飞行的门槛。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0;margin-left: 0;text-indent: 0;vertical-align: baseline;line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px">九、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">禁飞区域</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 14px">根据江西省公安厅发布的《关于加强民用无人驾驶航空器飞行管理的通告》第二条、第三条规定:未经批准,严禁民用无人驾驶航空器在以下区域上空飞行:</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(一)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">民用机场跑道中心线两侧各</span><span style="font-family:宋体">10公里、跑道两端20公里范围内的机场净空保护区;</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(二)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">机关、团体、企业、事业单位区域;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(三)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">通讯、供水、供电、能源供给、危化物品储存、大型物资储备等关系国计民生、国家安全和公共安全的重点防控目标区;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(四)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">车站、码头、港口、商圈、街道、公园、大型活动场所、展览馆、学校、医院、居民小区等人口密集区域;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">(五)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">政府公告进行临时管制的区域。违反规定在上述区域内飞行的,公安机关联合相关部门依法查处;构成违反治安管理行为的,依法给予治安管理处罚;情节严重构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">2.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">UAV)可以按照什么进行分类?(答四种即可)</span></span></strong></h3><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">答:</span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">(1)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">按</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">重量</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">分为:微</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">轻</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">小</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">中</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">大。</span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">(2)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">按</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">飞行距离</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">分为:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">短</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">程、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">近</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">程、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">中</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">程和</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">远</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">程四类</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">(3)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">按</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">任务高度</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">分为:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">超</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">低空,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">低</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">空,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">中</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">空,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">高</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">空,超</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">高</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">空。</span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">(4)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">按</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">技术</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">构型</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">分为:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">固</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">定翼,</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">直</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">升机(共轴双桨、纵列式、传统构型)、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">多旋</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">翼、复合翼</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">(</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">如:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">垂起</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">固定翼</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">)</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">、</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">倾转</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">旋翼</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">。</span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)">(5)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">按用途</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">分为</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">:</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">军用无人机,民用无人机。</span></p><p style="margin-right:17px;margin-left:28px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">(6)&nbsp;</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">按</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;background:rgb(255,255,0);background:rgb(255,255,0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">动力型式</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">划分:油动型、电动型和油电混合型。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">3.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机(</span><span style="font-family:宋体">UAV)按任务高度可分为?</span></span></strong></h3><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">答:</span></p><table class="wcn_c_table" cellspacing="0" width="569"><tbody><tr style="height:20px" class="firstRow"><td width="128" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">超低空</span></p></td><td width="441" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">0m~100m</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:20px"><td width="128" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">低空</span></p></td><td width="441" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">100m~1000m</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:20px"><td width="128" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">中空</span></p></td><td width="441" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">1000m~6000m</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:20px"><td width="128" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">高空</span></p></td><td width="441" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">6000m~12000m</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:22px"><td width="128" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">超高空</span></p></td><td width="441" valign="center" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-color: windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: windowtext;"><p style="margin-right:17px;text-autospace:none;text-align:center;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">></span><span style="font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">12000m</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 14px">&nbsp;</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:13px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;page-break-after:avoid;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">4.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机管理条例中,微型和小型无人机需要取得执照吗?大型无人机重量是超过多少</span><span style="font-family:宋体">Kg?</span></span></strong></h3><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:6px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px">答:</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:6px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);">(1)&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);">微型</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">无人机:</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);">无需执照</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">,但需要熟悉飞行操作</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">且</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">具有完全民事行为能力(禁飞区</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">域应当遵守当地规定)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);">(2)&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px; background: rgb(255, 255, 0);">小型</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">无人机:需要取得由</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 14px;">CAAC</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">颁发的</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">视距内(VLOS)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">视距</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">外</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">B</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">VLOS)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">驾驶员</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">执照</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 14px;">。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 14px;background: rgb(255, 255, 0)"><span style="font-family:宋体">大型</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无人机最大起飞重量需要超过</span><span style="font-family:宋体">150kg</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">。</span></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//bbs.97815.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_M9p" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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